am so conflicted about this subject (armchair quarterbacking like anyone else at this point). spent the first 20+ years of my career working for the USAF and Nasa in high performance material research. primarily CF composite structures. my role was in development (manufacturing techniques) and material characterization testing (including testing to destruction). i have zero to add WRT deep sea submersibles, but do have experience with the CF composite / titanium interface. most frequently, titanium was used as the substrate for testing, and failure rates were highest at that interface.
IMO, gwynne has provided some of the best insight into this (tensile v. compression strength). carbon fibers are high in tensile strength, and epoxy is high in compression strength. when combined in a 3D CF structure, you get both.
am not at liberty to say the pressures we tested materials to, but like i said, the substrates were titanium, and at the high end, failure was most typically at that interface.
would add - there's no fucking way i'd bet my life on the conditions as they've been described.