This is a good explanation and I think we're all on the same page as far as brake checking goes. There's also mention of lightly tapping the brakes, letting off the gas and merging, but it seems like we get it.
People have mentioned motives of the desire to control others and to teach them a lesson, but I still stand by the opinion that making someone abruptly brake by doing the exact same thing has got to be one of the most pointless things ever.
Not pointless, just as tailgating is a statement, applying brakes to indicate that you don't appreciate them on your ass is also a statement.
Now, there are two cases here:
1. You're driving along and either are behind somebody in the fast lane or passing people in the next lane over and somebody comes up and immediately moves up to where they are just a few feet behind your bumper.
2. You're driving along in the fast lane, nobody is in front of you and the lane beside you is either going the same speed or faster, in other words you're just sitting in that lane, somebody comes up behind you and seeing that you're just parking in that lane, gets on your tail to let you know that you should GTF out of the lane instead of parking there.
In case 1, the tailgater is an asshole or at least doing an asshole move. In case 2, you're the asshole and, at least initially, the tailgater is letting you know that you should get out of the lane and get with the program.
Now, there are also two kinds of brake checking:
1. You push down on the brakes enough to force them to get on the brakes but not hard enough to force them to panic brake or hit you.
2. You mash on the brakes, forcing them into panic braking.
Granted, there are many shades in between.
I have never done either, but I have let my foot off the gas pedal and slowed the fuck down when I encounter an asshole tailgater when I either have somebody in front of me or I am in the process of passing a group of cars and it's not reasonable to expect me to suddenly put on my brakes and move over to let an impatient asshole past.